বায়োগ্রাফি: Thomas Southwood Smith was an English physician and sanitary reformer born in Martock, Somerset. Smith enrolled in the University of Edinburgh in October 1812 and in 1816 achieved his M.D. degree, and began practicing medicine at Yeovil, Somerset, and becoming minister at a local chapel. 1820 he moved to London, devoting himself to medicine. In 1813 he founded the Scottish Unitarian Association, with James Yates. In 1830 Smith’s A Treatise on Fever was published, which became a standard on the subject. In this book, he showed a direct connection between the impoverishment of the poor and epidemics. His first wife Anne Read left him. They had two daughters Caroline and Emily; by his second wife, he had only a son, Herman. Smith lived for the rest of his life with the artist Margaret Gillies after separating from his second wife in 1830. English reformers Miranda and Octavia Hill were his granddaughters, among the five daughters of Caroline a writer and educationist.