বায়োগ্রাফি: Charles Creighton was highly regarded for his scholarly writings on medical history but was widely denounced for disputing the germ theory of infectious diseases. He was born in Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, the oldest son of Alexander Creighton and Agnes Brand Creighton. He attended the University of Aberdeen in scholarship and received his M.A. in 1867. He then enrolled as a medical student and passed his M.B. and M.S. exams in 1871. After graduation, he studied for a brief time with Karl von Rokitansky in Vienna and Rudolf Virchow in Berlin. He was awarded his M.D. in 1878. After returning from Berlin in 1872, Creighton worked in London as a hospital registrar until 1876 he joined Cambridge University as an anatomy demonstrator. Over the next five years he wrote his first book, Bovine Tuberculosis in Man (1881) and published several articles on anatomy in the Journal of Anatomy and Physiology became its co-editor in 1879. 1881 Creighton quit a promising career at Cambridge.